Utilizing state-of-the-art fabrication and imaging, researchers watched the results of including sculpted gentle to a catalyst throughout a chemical transformation. This work may inform extra environment friendly -- and doubtlessly new -- types of catalysis.

Info drawn from analyses of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of supplies from uncovered Columbia River basalts has supplied insights about how magma from volcanic eruptions hundreds of thousands of years in the past formed the area and why these eruptions didn't set off a worldwide extinction occasion.